Comentá (70)
El primer censo realizado en territorio argentino del que se tiene constancia y registro es el padrón de extranjeros ordenado por Alonso de Ribera en 1608 en la antigua gobernación del Tucumán. Luego de aquel relevamiento dispuesto bajo el reinado de Felipe III en España, siguieron en la época monárquica de nuestra historia muchos otros empadronamientos ordenados por los Austrias y luego bajo los Borbones, pero no de todos se conservaron registros.
En 1778, al poco tiempo que el virreinato reunió en una sola jurisdicción el actual territorio argentino, Carlos III dispuso un censo general en las posesiones de la corona española. En nuestro territorio ese censo sumó 186.526 habitantes, con la excepción de Corrientes, Santa Fe y Entre Ríos. Córdoba, con 40.203 personas, era la provincia más poblada, seguida por Buenos Aires con 37.130 y por Tucumán con 20.104.
La ciudad más poblada era Buenos Aires, con 24.205 habitantes, y Córdoba y Mendoza tenían 7283 y 7478, respectivamente. De este padrón se exceptuaron las regiones en poder de los indios en el Nordeste y en el Sur.
Entre los numerosos recuentos que servían de base u orientación, uno que ofreció visos de seriedad fue el realizado por Azara, en 1797, el cual asignó a lo que es hoy el territorio argentino una población de 310.000 habitantes.
En 1811, una vez emancipados los territorios, comenzó a estudiarse la posibilidad de un censo. Hacia 1818, durante la guerra de la independencia, llegó a nuestro país un estadígrafo norteamericano, Mr. Branckenridge, enviado por su gobierno para estudiar la composición social de estas latitudes. Entre los documentos que publicó Branckenridge a su regreso figuraba una estimación del número de habitantes de las provincias argentinas, que ascendió a 550.000 habitantes, excluyendo a los indios.
Pero recién en 1857 pudo concretarse el de la Confederación Argentina, que se realizó en ocho provincias (Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Santa Fe, Córdoba, San Luis, Mendoza, Santiago del Estero y Tucumán). Buenos Aires, que estaba separada, lo había realizado en 1855. Se calculó que en esa época había 1.210.000 habitantes, incluyendo a los indios.
En 1869 se realizó el primer censo sobre la totalidad del país, durante la presidencia de Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, que anotó 1.836.490 habitantes, incluidos los indios y el ejército en operaciones en el Paraguay.
En 1895, el segundo censo nacional contó 3.954.000 personas; en 1914, el tercero, registró 7.885.000, y en 1947, el cuarto, 15.897.127. En esos años, caracterizados por una fuerte inmigración, la población se duplicaba entre censo y censo.
El quinto censo, en 1960, contabilizó 20.010.500 habitantes; el sexto, en 1970, 23.390.100; el séptimo, en 1980, 27.862.771 (un crecimiento del 39,2% en los últimos veinte años); el octavo, en 1991, 32.600.000 (marcó un freno en el nivel de crecimiento con un 11% más de habitantes que en 1991).
En noviembre de 2001, el noveno, registró que viven en la Argentina 36.223.947 personas, un 11 por ciento más de habitantes que en 1991. De ese total de personas censadas, el 51.22 por ciento pertenece al género femenino.
A partir de 1960 se siguió la recomendación de los organismos internacionales para que se realice uno cada diez años y en los terminados en cero, aunque las condiciones económicas del país impidieron que se cumpliera con ese cometido en 1990 y 2000.
El censo de 1869 le costó al Estado la suma de 189.794 pesos, incluyendo los gastos de impresión de los resultados en 1872. Para el operativo de 1970 se destinó 1482 millones de pesos viejos. De los 62.500.000 dólares previstos para el censo de 1991, la realización de todas estas actividades demandará este año una inversión de 303 millones de pesos.
Para el censo de 1970 se utilizaron 300.000 visitadores; en 1991 se elevó a 480.000 el número de encuestadores. Casi 600.000 censistas relevarán casa por casa el próximo miércoles 27 de octubre.
Fuente: Archivo La Nacion
Fotos: Archivo La Nacion/Télam
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Teresa Aversa
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Luis Casabal
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Ernesto Castrillón
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Pablo C de Rosa Barlaro
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Gabriela Miño
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22.10.2010
9:17 am
Quisiera saber dónde se pueden encontrar las cifras arrojadas por los diferentes censos en su estado original, es decir, sin interpretaciones de lo que quieren decir esas cifras.
22.10.2010
10:11 am
El censo es una forma de decirle a los masones como va su plan de destrucción cultural, social, moral, intelectual y todo eso con el fin de quedarse con el territorio, pero para entenderlo hay que saber leer, al menos la realidad. http://polvodeltiempo.blogspot.com
22.10.2010
10:41 am
Quisiera saber si hay algún enlace o página que muestre los registros nacionales o proviciales de los datos arrojados por el censo de 1914. Gracias
22.10.2010
7:31 pm
En primer lugar gracias por tu interés en la nota. Los datos que aporto corresponden a los artículos de LA NACION que fueron publicados en cada uno de los censos nacionales actuales y relacionados con su historia (selección de notas). A continuación te paso un link del Ministerio del Interior con cifras históricas oficiales que pueden serte útiles: http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/poblacion/archivos_estadisticas/EvolucionPoblacionProvincias1914
22.10.2010
9:27 pm
Buena info Luis!
Veo en la foto de 2001 que la gente ya atendia rejas de por medio, pobres censistas los de este miercoles! A mucha gente dispuesta a sacarlos a patadas… una verguenza las declaraciones que se escuchan en la calle y en los medios…
03.11.2010
2:55 pm
Hola Sr Luis Casabal, mi nombre es Yasmila Ahumada soy estudiante de la Universidad de Palermo ,el profesor Javier Navia me paso su contacto debido a que necesito pedirle un favor.
Para hacer un trabajo práctico sobre Diarios necesito hacer consultas sobre como es el trabajo en una redacción a un peridista, podria mandarselas por mail? su ayuda me vendria genial,
espero pueda ayudarme
saludos!
Yasmila
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